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/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.over-blog.com%2Ft%2Fdelicate%2Fimages%2Fheader%2Fheader.jpg "Tentativo di trovare un EQUIIBRIO E MEDIAZIONE tra STATI UNITI E CINA nel conflitto-tensione sui semiconduttri di alta tecnologia per la produzione di chip, utili per la fabbricazione di smartphone, computer portatili, ed altro.")
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Africa Liberation Day - Thoughts
Africa Liberation Day - Eltheus
African Liberation Day celebrates the liberation of African countries from the colonial rule. But what is colonial rule? Colonial rule can best be understood through the Code Noir provisions of 1685 that defined the conditions of slavery in France colonial empire. Its main purpose was to assert French sovereignty in the colonies and secure the future o...f the sugar plantation economy. It thus provided the legal framework for slavery which was needed as workforce to run that economic exploitation system.
In particular the provision (art. 13): children between a male slave and a female free woman were free; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves.
What is relevant is the legal condition of the female. If the mother is free the child is free, if the mother is slave the child is slave.
To explain this we can say that it is the woman that counts. Since men cannot bear life and only the woman is the life giver she is the one that determines the difference of the legal condition that the child will inherit.
The Code noir makes this understanding very clear.
Woman in many different cultures and different ways have been associated to cattle. Viewed as milk cows. It would be here misplaced to go into the many ways in which this parallelism has been developed within cultures. The simple fact of relevance for the moment is that women are seen no differently than milk cows and as such as source of wealth, or the source of wealth par excellence. They are the treasure over which it is necessary to put firm hands on. This is so evident that originally money was named after the cow: peculium.
For settling marriage the bride-wealth to be offered to the bride parents in exchange for the bride in African societies was cows. In Arab societies camels. In Rome the husband could free his wife from her father’s authority by paying him with a symbolic piece of money (coemptio). These situations have this in common but must be differentiated. In fact in African cultures the bride- wealth was not understood as ‘payment’ for the wife or monetary transaction’. It had more important dimensions to it. Materially and symbolically it provided the parents with a compensation for the loss of the most precious being in the household: the daughter. The cow being its symbolic equivalent, representing the continuum connection to life. As is said in the saying: “A house without a daughter is a dead house”. It has no reproduction. In African societies the cow is culturally fundamental and in many ways reconnects it with ancient Egypt. Unfortunately in modern Africa these knowledge’s seem to be increasingly set aside and the bride-wealth replaced with money which deviates the spiritual connection to life and the whole symbolic and life dimensions that went with it. Modernity is transforming a cardinal institution of African societies and system of culture into its opposite, since it is or should be known that money is sterile.
This is something of serious concern when we only think about how African societies were from top to bottom, bottom to top, structured around the cardinal principle of the perpetuation of life and anchored to customs and rituals of fertility. Rituals, customs, prayers, behaviors, words, all had at their center and forefront the deep respect for life, continuity of life, reproduction of life, preservation of life.
In ancient Europe and ancient Rome things were no different. There was a pagan religion centered on life articulated around agricultural rituals, and many were the things and spaces considered sacred. Meaning respect. Besides the positive law of the state lex there was the sacred law ius.
With modernization this link to life is quickly replaced by values or better say dis-values that’ value’ things and beings in monetary terms. Everything is convertible into money. To say just an example the UN initiative TEEB seems to be a mechanism to calculate the price of nature in monetary terms.( A banker idea). How to make profit out of nature? Converting first nature into money. The justification being that to better understand why it is necessary to preserve it is necessary to calculate in monetary terms the cost of the damage. The calculative mentality is a reductive mentality. For this mindset life is apprehensible and thus appreciable only if translated in monetary terms. How much is it worth? How much does it cost? The economy reflects this type of mentality and this type of mentality has shaped the economy. A blinkered vision of the world. The homo economicus is the arid calculative mind.
So the link between the economic system and the male mentality of appropriation of wealth through the capture and control of the female side of being, whether in the woman, in the cow, or other, explains the underlying fundamental structure of the economy, capitalist economy. It is the order of the male or the world ordered by men. One way view.
On the other side the woman. The prey. The world according to the prey is not the one organized by the hunter. It is another order of the living and of life. Another type of structure. Since the world of the hunter is the world of the ‘law of the jungle’ and does not exit the ‘law of the strongest’ , which in fact is not law by definition, the order of the female is an order that is not of capture towards life and the living. It is not an order of predation but an order of harmonious coexistence.
To overcome this situation it is thus on the side of the prey and of the woman that things have to be changed. The revolution will occur when from patriarchal societies we will pass into a matrilineal societies. Where the relationships that compose families are structured and determined in relation to the woman, which is the House of Life. The extended family of humanity will be when this situation will succeed. Patriarchal societies are based on the capture and control of women through the control (or enslavement) of their body. They are not free. Suffice to see women condition in a patriarchal societies as for example Islamic societies, which are patriarchal and male oriented societies. The submission of the woman to the male encompassing important dimensions of existence. Patriarchal societies are phallocratic societies as Derrida said : phallologocentric societies. They rotate around the worship of the male in a kind of pathology of superiority. The vision of world is reduced to that.
On the contrary non phallocratic societies are not structurally organized around the male and are not patriarchal. The most fundamental character of the African continent is that it is the Motherland. The status of the woman in African societies, when not yet corrupted by the violence of foreign mentality, was the high respect and value of the woman.
This substantive characterization of African societies starting from the Congo, the heartbeat of Africa, is that it was structured in matrilineal lines. It was made of matrilineal societies. This the core reason why African societies do not fit into the received foreign law which is patriarchal, being it Western or Islamic.
But why is it so difficult? Besides the innumerous violence’s that continue to enslave and ravage the continent, there is this one. The African woman condition. To overcome this status quo it is not equal rights that will solve or change the situation. It can improve but what is needed is the shift of paradigm. A return to African cultures so strong as to restore the African paradigm. The thread of Africa lying in the woman from ancient Egypt to Black Africa. But why is it so difficult for a continent that had its roots in the Woman, the Life Giver, and in Life, to go back to its roots and establish them anew?
Let’s ask: what is a prey? A slave is a prey. Women are preys. Black Africans were slaves. All captured are preys viewed as possible legitimate objects of capture. During the slave trade white men captured African slaves to run their economies of sugar cane tobacco or cotton. With abolitionism slavery has ended. That type of slavery. But slavery continues. It continues in many ways in the continent in other forms. It continues in the capitalist international division of labor. It continues in the relation between men and women in relation to women bodies.
The master-slave dialectic persists. It is still working with different modalities.
What is happening in agriculture for example? Genetically modified organisms are what? They are the means for multinational corporations to get handhold over seeds. Genetically modified organisms are patented. Patenting the seed allows ownership over it. Now seeds are like women. The bearers of life. When transforming the seed into a genetically modified organism the reproductive capacity of the seed is extinguished. The owner of the seed, as the master of the slave, has absolute exclusive ownership. Thus it is like sterilizing women after the first go. It is like committing infanticide. The seed like the woman like the slave is deprived of its possibility to reproduce life and last in life.
The provisions of the Code Noir:
- (art. 18) : slaves should not sell sugar cane, even with permission of their masters; (art. 19 - 21) slaves should not sell any other commodity without permission of their masters.
The equivalence is clear. Like property the children belong to the master.
Provision (art. 13): children between a male slave and a female free woman were free; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves.
When the female is slave the children are slaves. When the seed is slave the ‘children are slave’. Or otherwise it is the master, the owner, that will decide, give permission or not, to the reproduction or continuation of life. This is crime. Crime against life.
The phallocratic societies that want to enslave the woman and her body to control the cycle of life according to their material interests are now up for enslaving the continent for a slavery that risks to be worse, more terrible and unbreakable in kind than the precedent one.
As the elder of humanity, cradle of humanity, womb of humanity, Mother Africa and we all her children, have the duty to reject the evils forces that want to deprive it from the unending continuity of life - the cycle of life. Land of Isis, land of the sacred Cow, land of Ankh, land of African Queens, land of Nature may not accept destruction. It is a crime.
_______________________
(Wiki) Provisions of the Code Noir:
In 60 articles,[2] the document specified that:
• Jews could not reside in the French colonies (art. 1)
• slaves must be baptized in the Roman Catholic Church (art. 2)
• prevented the exercise of any religion other than Catholicism (art. 3)
• only Catholic marriages would be recognized (art. 8)
• white men would be fined for having children with slave concubines owned by another man, as would the slave concubine's master. If the man engaged in sexual relations with a slave was the master of the slave concubine, the slave and any resulting children would be removed from his ownership. If a free, unmarried black man should have relations with a slave owned by him, he should then be married to the slave concubine, thus freeing her and any resulting child from slavery (art. 9)
• weddings between slaves must be carried out only with the masters' permission (art. 10). Slaves must not be married without their own consent (art. 11)
• children born between married slaves were also slaves, belonging to the female slave's master (art. 12)
• children between a male slave and a female free woman were free ; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves (art. 13)
• slaves must not carry weapons except under permission of their masters for hunting purposes (art. 15)
• slaves belonging to different masters must not gather at any time under any circumstance (art. 16)
• slaves should not sell sugar cane, even with permission of their masters (art. 18)
• slaves should not sell any other commodity without permission of their masters (art. 19 - 21)
• masters must give food (quantities specified) and clothes to their slaves, even to those who were sick or old (art. 22 - 27)
• (unclear) slaves could testify but only for information (art. 30-32)
• a slave who struck his or her master, his wife, mistress or children would be executed (art. 33)
• fugitive slaves absent for a month should have their ears cut off and be branded. For another month their hamstring would be cut and they would be branded again. A third time they would be executed (art. 38)
• free blacks who harbour fugitive slaves would be beaten by the slave owner and fined 300 pounds of sugar per day of refuge given; other free people who harbour fugitive slaves would be fined 10 livres tournois per day (art. 39)
• (unclear) a master who falsely accused a slave of a crime and had the slave put to death would be fined (art. 40)
• masters may chain and beat slaves but may not torture nor mutilate them (art. 42)
• masters who killed their slaves would be punished (art. 43)
• slaves were community property and could not be mortgaged, and must be equally split between the master's inheritors, but could be used as payment in case of debt or bankruptcy, and otherwise sold (art. 44 - 46, 48 - 54)
• slave husband and wife (and their prepubescent children) under the same master were not to be sold separately (art. 47)
• slave masters 20 years of age (25 years without parental permission) may free their slaves (art. 55)
• slaves who were declared to be sole legatees by their masters, or named as executors of their wills, or tutors of their children, should be held and considered as freed slaves (art. 56)
• freed slaves were French subjects, even if born elsewhere (art. 57)
• freed slaves had the same rights as French colonial subjects (art. 58,59)
• fees and fines paid with regards to the Code Noir must go to the royal administration, but one third would be assigned to the local hospital (art. 60)
African Liberation Day celebrates the liberation of African countries from the colonial rule. But what is colonial rule? Colonial rule can best be understood through the Code Noir provisions of 1685 that defined the conditions of slavery in France colonial empire. Its main purpose was to assert French sovereignty in the colonies and secure the future o...f the sugar plantation economy. It thus provided the legal framework for slavery which was needed as workforce to run that economic exploitation system.
In particular the provision (art. 13): children between a male slave and a female free woman were free; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves.
What is relevant is the legal condition of the female. If the mother is free the child is free, if the mother is slave the child is slave.
To explain this we can say that it is the woman that counts. Since men cannot bear life and only the woman is the life giver she is the one that determines the difference of the legal condition that the child will inherit.
The Code noir makes this understanding very clear.
Woman in many different cultures and different ways have been associated to cattle. Viewed as milk cows. It would be here misplaced to go into the many ways in which this parallelism has been developed within cultures. The simple fact of relevance for the moment is that women are seen no differently than milk cows and as such as source of wealth, or the source of wealth par excellence. They are the treasure over which it is necessary to put firm hands on. This is so evident that originally money was named after the cow: peculium.
For settling marriage the bride-wealth to be offered to the bride parents in exchange for the bride in African societies was cows. In Arab societies camels. In Rome the husband could free his wife from her father’s authority by paying him with a symbolic piece of money (coemptio). These situations have this in common but must be differentiated. In fact in African cultures the bride- wealth was not understood as ‘payment’ for the wife or monetary transaction’. It had more important dimensions to it. Materially and symbolically it provided the parents with a compensation for the loss of the most precious being in the household: the daughter. The cow being its symbolic equivalent, representing the continuum connection to life. As is said in the saying: “A house without a daughter is a dead house”. It has no reproduction. In African societies the cow is culturally fundamental and in many ways reconnects it with ancient Egypt. Unfortunately in modern Africa these knowledge’s seem to be increasingly set aside and the bride-wealth replaced with money which deviates the spiritual connection to life and the whole symbolic and life dimensions that went with it. Modernity is transforming a cardinal institution of African societies and system of culture into its opposite, since it is or should be known that money is sterile.
This is something of serious concern when we only think about how African societies were from top to bottom, bottom to top, structured around the cardinal principle of the perpetuation of life and anchored to customs and rituals of fertility. Rituals, customs, prayers, behaviors, words, all had at their center and forefront the deep respect for life, continuity of life, reproduction of life, preservation of life.
In ancient Europe and ancient Rome things were no different. There was a pagan religion centered on life articulated around agricultural rituals, and many were the things and spaces considered sacred. Meaning respect. Besides the positive law of the state lex there was the sacred law ius.
With modernization this link to life is quickly replaced by values or better say dis-values that’ value’ things and beings in monetary terms. Everything is convertible into money. To say just an example the UN initiative TEEB seems to be a mechanism to calculate the price of nature in monetary terms.( A banker idea). How to make profit out of nature? Converting first nature into money. The justification being that to better understand why it is necessary to preserve it is necessary to calculate in monetary terms the cost of the damage. The calculative mentality is a reductive mentality. For this mindset life is apprehensible and thus appreciable only if translated in monetary terms. How much is it worth? How much does it cost? The economy reflects this type of mentality and this type of mentality has shaped the economy. A blinkered vision of the world. The homo economicus is the arid calculative mind.
So the link between the economic system and the male mentality of appropriation of wealth through the capture and control of the female side of being, whether in the woman, in the cow, or other, explains the underlying fundamental structure of the economy, capitalist economy. It is the order of the male or the world ordered by men. One way view.
On the other side the woman. The prey. The world according to the prey is not the one organized by the hunter. It is another order of the living and of life. Another type of structure. Since the world of the hunter is the world of the ‘law of the jungle’ and does not exit the ‘law of the strongest’ , which in fact is not law by definition, the order of the female is an order that is not of capture towards life and the living. It is not an order of predation but an order of harmonious coexistence.
To overcome this situation it is thus on the side of the prey and of the woman that things have to be changed. The revolution will occur when from patriarchal societies we will pass into a matrilineal societies. Where the relationships that compose families are structured and determined in relation to the woman, which is the House of Life. The extended family of humanity will be when this situation will succeed. Patriarchal societies are based on the capture and control of women through the control (or enslavement) of their body. They are not free. Suffice to see women condition in a patriarchal societies as for example Islamic societies, which are patriarchal and male oriented societies. The submission of the woman to the male encompassing important dimensions of existence. Patriarchal societies are phallocratic societies as Derrida said : phallologocentric societies. They rotate around the worship of the male in a kind of pathology of superiority. The vision of world is reduced to that.
On the contrary non phallocratic societies are not structurally organized around the male and are not patriarchal. The most fundamental character of the African continent is that it is the Motherland. The status of the woman in African societies, when not yet corrupted by the violence of foreign mentality, was the high respect and value of the woman.
This substantive characterization of African societies starting from the Congo, the heartbeat of Africa, is that it was structured in matrilineal lines. It was made of matrilineal societies. This the core reason why African societies do not fit into the received foreign law which is patriarchal, being it Western or Islamic.
But why is it so difficult? Besides the innumerous violence’s that continue to enslave and ravage the continent, there is this one. The African woman condition. To overcome this status quo it is not equal rights that will solve or change the situation. It can improve but what is needed is the shift of paradigm. A return to African cultures so strong as to restore the African paradigm. The thread of Africa lying in the woman from ancient Egypt to Black Africa. But why is it so difficult for a continent that had its roots in the Woman, the Life Giver, and in Life, to go back to its roots and establish them anew?
Let’s ask: what is a prey? A slave is a prey. Women are preys. Black Africans were slaves. All captured are preys viewed as possible legitimate objects of capture. During the slave trade white men captured African slaves to run their economies of sugar cane tobacco or cotton. With abolitionism slavery has ended. That type of slavery. But slavery continues. It continues in many ways in the continent in other forms. It continues in the capitalist international division of labor. It continues in the relation between men and women in relation to women bodies.
The master-slave dialectic persists. It is still working with different modalities.
What is happening in agriculture for example? Genetically modified organisms are what? They are the means for multinational corporations to get handhold over seeds. Genetically modified organisms are patented. Patenting the seed allows ownership over it. Now seeds are like women. The bearers of life. When transforming the seed into a genetically modified organism the reproductive capacity of the seed is extinguished. The owner of the seed, as the master of the slave, has absolute exclusive ownership. Thus it is like sterilizing women after the first go. It is like committing infanticide. The seed like the woman like the slave is deprived of its possibility to reproduce life and last in life.
The provisions of the Code Noir:
- (art. 18) : slaves should not sell sugar cane, even with permission of their masters; (art. 19 - 21) slaves should not sell any other commodity without permission of their masters.
The equivalence is clear. Like property the children belong to the master.
Provision (art. 13): children between a male slave and a female free woman were free; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves.
When the female is slave the children are slaves. When the seed is slave the ‘children are slave’. Or otherwise it is the master, the owner, that will decide, give permission or not, to the reproduction or continuation of life. This is crime. Crime against life.
The phallocratic societies that want to enslave the woman and her body to control the cycle of life according to their material interests are now up for enslaving the continent for a slavery that risks to be worse, more terrible and unbreakable in kind than the precedent one.
As the elder of humanity, cradle of humanity, womb of humanity, Mother Africa and we all her children, have the duty to reject the evils forces that want to deprive it from the unending continuity of life - the cycle of life. Land of Isis, land of the sacred Cow, land of Ankh, land of African Queens, land of Nature may not accept destruction. It is a crime.
_______________________
(Wiki) Provisions of the Code Noir:
In 60 articles,[2] the document specified that:
• Jews could not reside in the French colonies (art. 1)
• slaves must be baptized in the Roman Catholic Church (art. 2)
• prevented the exercise of any religion other than Catholicism (art. 3)
• only Catholic marriages would be recognized (art. 8)
• white men would be fined for having children with slave concubines owned by another man, as would the slave concubine's master. If the man engaged in sexual relations with a slave was the master of the slave concubine, the slave and any resulting children would be removed from his ownership. If a free, unmarried black man should have relations with a slave owned by him, he should then be married to the slave concubine, thus freeing her and any resulting child from slavery (art. 9)
• weddings between slaves must be carried out only with the masters' permission (art. 10). Slaves must not be married without their own consent (art. 11)
• children born between married slaves were also slaves, belonging to the female slave's master (art. 12)
• children between a male slave and a female free woman were free ; children between a female slave and a free man were slaves (art. 13)
• slaves must not carry weapons except under permission of their masters for hunting purposes (art. 15)
• slaves belonging to different masters must not gather at any time under any circumstance (art. 16)
• slaves should not sell sugar cane, even with permission of their masters (art. 18)
• slaves should not sell any other commodity without permission of their masters (art. 19 - 21)
• masters must give food (quantities specified) and clothes to their slaves, even to those who were sick or old (art. 22 - 27)
• (unclear) slaves could testify but only for information (art. 30-32)
• a slave who struck his or her master, his wife, mistress or children would be executed (art. 33)
• fugitive slaves absent for a month should have their ears cut off and be branded. For another month their hamstring would be cut and they would be branded again. A third time they would be executed (art. 38)
• free blacks who harbour fugitive slaves would be beaten by the slave owner and fined 300 pounds of sugar per day of refuge given; other free people who harbour fugitive slaves would be fined 10 livres tournois per day (art. 39)
• (unclear) a master who falsely accused a slave of a crime and had the slave put to death would be fined (art. 40)
• masters may chain and beat slaves but may not torture nor mutilate them (art. 42)
• masters who killed their slaves would be punished (art. 43)
• slaves were community property and could not be mortgaged, and must be equally split between the master's inheritors, but could be used as payment in case of debt or bankruptcy, and otherwise sold (art. 44 - 46, 48 - 54)
• slave husband and wife (and their prepubescent children) under the same master were not to be sold separately (art. 47)
• slave masters 20 years of age (25 years without parental permission) may free their slaves (art. 55)
• slaves who were declared to be sole legatees by their masters, or named as executors of their wills, or tutors of their children, should be held and considered as freed slaves (art. 56)
• freed slaves were French subjects, even if born elsewhere (art. 57)
• freed slaves had the same rights as French colonial subjects (art. 58,59)
• fees and fines paid with regards to the Code Noir must go to the royal administration, but one third would be assigned to the local hospital (art. 60)
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